Class 7 Science Lesson 2

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below:

a. Computer, smartphone, digital camera, etc. are the devices of ICT.
b. Internet connects means of information and technology with each other.
c. We can search necessary information with the help of browser from the internet.
d. The series of instructions is called a computer programme.
e. Spreadsheet is used in a computer to prepare charts or graphs.

2. Tick (✔) the correct statement and cross out (✘) incorrect ones:

a. Devices related to computer are used to exchange information all around the world because of the internet. ✔
b. Email receiver does not need internet service to read the mail. ✘
c. Photo can be made more attractive from photo editing. ✔
d. Size of photo can be increased or decreased using MS Paint. ✔
e. The set of instructions used to operate a computer is called a program. ✔

3. Use tick sign (✔) for the correct option:

a. What type of software is Windows used in computer?
✔ System software

b. What does CC written in email address denote?
✔ Carbon Copy

c. Which of the following is a disadvantage of email?
✔ Need internet connection

d. What is drag in spreadsheet?
✔ Select and copy (Drag and drop functionality is used for copying and moving cells)

e. What does ‘gov’ denote in www.moecdc.gov.np?
✔ Government website

4. Differentiate between:

System Software	Application Software
Operates the computer hardware.	Performs specific tasks for users.
Runs the system as a whole.	Helps in word processing, browsing, etc.
Examples: Windows, Linux	Examples: MS Word, Photoshop

Letter (Mail)	Email
Sent via postal service using paper and stamps.	Sent electronically over the internet.
Takes days or weeks to deliver.	Instant delivery.
Requires physical resources.	Requires internet and email account.
Example: Postcard	Example: Gmail, Yahoo Mail

5. Answer the following questions:

a. What is information and technology?
Information and Technology (ICT) is the use of modern tools such as computers, mobile phones, and the internet to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data for efficient communication and work.

b. How do tools of information and technology change the lifestyle of human beings? Clarify the statement.
ICT tools have greatly transformed human life. They have made communication faster, learning easier, and work more efficient. For example, students can now attend classes online, workers can perform jobs remotely, and families can connect across distances instantly using video calls or messaging apps.

c. What is internet? Make a list of tasks which has become possible today because of computer.
The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and allows users to share and access information from anywhere in the world.

Tasks made possible by computers:

• Sending and receiving emails

• Attending virtual classes

• Online shopping

• Online banking

• Playing games

• Watching movies and videos

• Preparing documents and reports

• Designing and editing photos and videos

• Conducting research

d. How can we use e-book? Write any two advantages of using e-book.
An e-book is a digital version of a book that can be read on computers, tablets, or e-readers. E-books can be downloaded from the internet or read online.

Advantages:

• E-books are easy to carry and store as multiple books can be saved in a single device.

• They support quick searching of words or chapters.

e. Write any two advantages and disadvantages of email.

Advantages:

• Emails are fast and can be sent instantly across the world.

• It is a cost-effective method of communication.

Disadvantages:

• Emails can be targeted by hackers or scammers.

• Spam or junk emails can fill the inbox.

f. What is spreadsheet program? Make a list of tasks that can be performed in spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet is a software tool that allows users to organize, analyze, and calculate data using rows and columns.

Tasks that can be performed in a spreadsheet:

• Creating financial budgets

• Preparing reports and charts

• Calculating grades and marks

• Maintaining attendance records

• Sales and expense tracking

• Inventory and stock management

g. What is computer virus? What are the preventive measures for stopping the computers to be infected from virus?
A computer virus is a malicious program that spreads from one computer to another and can damage files or steal data.

Preventive Measures:

• Install reliable antivirus software.

• Update software and operating systems regularly.

• Avoid downloading unknown attachments.

• Do not click on suspicious email links.

• Backup data regularly.

h. Why is it necessary to follow computer ethics while using internet in computer?
Computer ethics are the guidelines that govern proper use of computers and the internet. It is important to follow ethics to ensure respectful, legal, and safe use of technology. Misuse may harm others or lead to cybercrimes.

i. What are the tools of information and technology?
The main tools include:

• Computers

• Smartphones

• Tablets

• Internet and web browsers

• Software (applications and systems)

j. How has human life become easy due to the development in information and technology?

• We can shop and bank online without leaving our home.

• Students can learn from any place using online classes.

• Farmers can get weather updates via mobile.

• Patients can consult doctors through telemedicine.

• Government services like citizenship, tax filing, and job applications are now available online.

6. Extra Activities and Table Summaries

ICT Tool	Use	Device Type
Computer	Data entry, learning, communication	Digital device
Smartphone	Calls, messaging, apps, internet	Mobile ICT device
Spreadsheet (Excel)	Data organization and analysis	Software
Internet	Global communication and knowledge access	Network
Email	Instant messaging and formal communication	Web-based tool
Photo editor	Editing images	Application software

Example of Spreadsheet Use in School:

Name	Math	Science	Total	Average
Aayush	85	90	175	87.5
Sushmita	78	88	166	83
Nirajan	92	95	187	93.5

7. Summary

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed the world into a global village. It helps in faster communication, data storage, education, and entertainment. Tools like computers, smartphones, internet, and software applications help students, professionals, and even farmers work more efficiently. Knowing how to use these tools properly and ethically is very important for responsible digital citizens. ICT has truly made life easier, smarter, and more connected.