Class 7 English Lesson 15

Reading I

Look at the picture below and answer these questions.

a. What do you think is happening in the picture?

Ans 👉 The picture shows the effects of climate change on the environment, such as melting glaciers and rising temperatures.

b. Do you think it is good or bad for the environment? Why?

Ans 👉 It is bad for the environment because it causes glaciers to melt, changes rainfall patterns, and affects plants, animals, and human life.

A. Find the words in the text above that give the answers to a to i.

a. a slow-moving mass or river of ice, formed from snow on mountains

Ans 👉 Glacier

b. all the time; repeatedly

Ans 👉 Continuously

c. a scale of measuring temperature

Ans 👉 Fahrenheit

d. a period of hundred years

Ans 👉 Century

e. the quality of being great; very strong

Ans 👉 Intensity

f. a violent storm with very strong winds

Ans 👉 Hurricane

g. the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth

Ans 👉 Atmosphere

h. a structure made of glass which is used to grow plants

Ans 👉 Greenhouse

i. an electronic device sent into space to gather information

Ans 👉 Satellite

B. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Glaciers are found high in the Himalayas. True

b. Climate change is a global issue. True

c. The effect of climate change is not seen in the seas. False

d. Climate change affects human beings. True

e. Human activities are likely to increase changes in the climate. True

f. Production of carbon dioxide in the USA may cause the melting of snow in our Himalayas. True

C. Answer these questions.
a. What is global climate change?

Ans 👉 Global climate change refers to the average long-term changes throughout the earth, including warming temperatures, changes in rainfall, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and changes in plant and animal life.

b. List the negative effects of global climate change.

Ans 👉 The negative effects include increased intensity and amount of rainfall during storms, heat waves, water shortages, melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and impacts on plants and animals.

c. When did climate change start?

Ans 👉 Climate change has been happening continuously, even long before humans existed, but unusual changes have been observed over the past 150 years.

d. What human activities are affecting Earth’s natural greenhouse?

Ans 👉 Burning fuel in factories, cars, and buses are human activities that increase greenhouse gases, trapping more heat and warming the earth.

e. What are the components of the global climate?

Ans 👉 The components include oceans, land, air, plants, animals, and energy from the sun, which together affect the earth’s climate system.

f. Which organisation is conducting the research about climate change and its effects?

Ans 👉 NASA is conducting research about climate change and its effects using earth observing satellites.

D. Has Nepal been affected by the global climate change? How?

Ans 👉 Yes, Nepal has been affected by global climate change. The Himalayan glaciers are melting, rainfall patterns are changing, and extreme weather events are becoming more common, impacting agriculture, water resources, and biodiversity.

Pronunciation

Match the words with their pronunciation. Practise saying them with the help of your teacher.

intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/
global /ˈɡləʊbl/
glacier /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/
temperature /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/
atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/
hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/

Grammar I

A. Look at the following set of sentences.

Prerana will come here tomorrow. Prerana will have come here by 4 p.m. tomorrow.

We shall buy a house next year. By next year, we will have moved to our new house.

Jonathan will complete his studies in 2025. Jonathan will have got a job by 2026.

Fukipa will climb Mt. Everest next week. By the end of next week, Fukipa will have climbed Mt. Everest.

B. Choose the correct alternatives from the brackets to complete the sentences.

a. I think our team …… the match this year. (will win/will have won)

Ans 👉 will win

b. By 11 p.m. tonight, she ………… writing the report. (will have finished/will finish)

Ans 👉 will have finished

c. If I finish this task early, I …… TV. (will have watched/will watch)

Ans 👉 will watch

d. They say it ………… heavily tomorrow. (will rain/will have rained)

Ans 👉 will rain

e. ………… fine tomorrow? (Will the weather have been/Will the weather be)

Ans 👉 Will the weather be

f. They …… here by 10 a.m. tomorrow. (will arrive/will have arrived)

Ans 👉 will arrive

g. I ………… Paris by the end of July next year. (will have visited/will visit)

Ans 👉 will have visited

h. I’m sorry. I ………… you this time. I’m busy. (will not have helped / won’t help)

Ans 👉 won’t help

C. Make two sentences using the clues given below.

Example: complete homework
I will complete my homework soon.
I will have completed my homework by 8 p.m.

a. take bath

👉 I will take a bath soon.
👉 I will have taken a bath by 7 a.m.

b. watch TV

👉 I will watch TV this evening.
👉 I will have watched TV by 9 p.m.

c. go shopping

👉 I will go shopping tomorrow.
👉 I will have gone shopping by noon.

d. call my parents

👉 I will call my parents today.
👉 I will have called my parents by 6 p.m.

e. wash clothes

👉 I will wash clothes now.
👉 I will have washed clothes by 5 p.m.

f. prepare food

👉 I will prepare food this evening.
👉 I will have prepared food by 7 p.m.

g. feed animals

👉 I will feed the animals in the morning.
👉 I will have fed the animals by 8 a.m.

h. take final exams

👉 I will take my final exams next week.
👉 I will have taken my final exams by Friday.

D. Imagine your life 20 years from now. Write some sentences about what changes you will have experienced by then.

Ans 👉 I will have completed my studies and started a good job. I will have traveled to many countries and learned new skills. I will have a happy family and live in a comfortable house. I will have achieved many personal goals and helped my community.

Writing I

Look at the pictures below. What are the people doing? What may happen in the future there? What might be the results? Make notes and write a paragraph for each.

Ans 👉 People are planting trees and cleaning the environment. In the future, there will be cleaner air and greener surroundings. This will help maintain biodiversity and provide a healthier life for humans and animals.

Reading II

Look at the picture and talk to your friends about the answers to these questions.

a. What do you think these people are doing?

Ans 👉 The people are showing gratitude and helping each other while appreciating the abilities they have.

b. Are they happy?

Ans 👉 Yes, they are happy because they feel grateful for their abilities and the chance to help others.

c. Do you feel grateful because you are one of the best creations on the earth? Why?

Ans 👉 Yes, I feel grateful because I can see, hear, speak, think, work, pray, and love, which allows me to help others and enjoy life.

A. Match the parts of the body with their functions as given in the poem.
a. mind

Ans 👉 ii. help the needy ones

b. eyes

Ans 👉 iii. perceive the activities done by the speaker

c. ears

Ans 👉 v. pay attention to the sorrows of the near and dear ones

d. hands

Ans 👉 i. do difficult and easy tasks

e. lips

Ans 👉 iv. help people establish peace/comfort

B. State whether the statements are True or False.

a. The speaker finds herself grateful. True

b. She only performs difficult tasks. False

c. The ability to pray rarely gives her strength and guidance. False

d. Having a heart is the most important thing for the speaker. True

Writing II

Work in pairs and discuss. What will the earth be like in 20 years time? Focus your attention to the issues below:

• rapid population growth

• cutting down of trees/deforestation

• increased pollution

• reduction of fuel production

Ans 👉 In 20 years, the earth may face serious challenges due to population growth, deforestation, pollution, and reduced fuel production. There may be less green land and clean air, and many animals could lose their habitats. People will need to use renewable energy and plant more trees to save the environment and make the earth sustainable for future generations.

Grammar II

A. Review the pictures and read what each of these people are saying.

B. Make at least two sentences in the given situations. Use may/might or must.

a. She speaks Japanese.

Ans 👉 She may be practicing Japanese.
Ans 👉 She must be fluent in Japanese.

b. They have books in their hands.

Ans 👉 They might be reading.
Ans 👉 They must be preparing for exams.

c. She bought a new car.

Ans 👉 She may drive it today.
Ans 👉 She must have saved money to buy it.

d. It’s raining.

Ans 👉 It may stop soon.
Ans 👉 People must be using umbrellas.

e. He works in a bank.

Ans 👉 He may be handling money.
Ans 👉 He must know about financial transactions.

f. Bhagawati studies very hard.

Ans 👉 She may get good marks.
Ans 👉 She must have strong determination.

Project work

Visit different places in your village/town and meet different elderly people. Ask them about the changes they have seen in their life and the negative or positive results of those changes. Draw a table like this and include your results.

Extra bit

Learn how may, might, could, will, should, must and can’t are used in the following sentences.

a. She might come soon.

Ans 👉 It is possible that she will come soon.

b. She could be lost.

Ans 👉 It is possible that she is lost.

c. She may be in the wrong room.

Ans 👉 It is possible that she is in the wrong room.

d. She’ll be at work now.

Ans 👉 She is probably at work now.

e. They should be there by now.

Ans 👉 It is expected that they are there now.

f. It shouldn’t take long to drive here.

Ans 👉 It is unlikely that it will take long to reach here.

g. Prices can be high in Kathmandu.

Ans 👉 It is possible that prices are high in Kathmandu.

h. She must be in the office. It’s already 10 a.m. and she usually goes to the office at 9 a.m.

Ans 👉 It is certain that she is in the office.

i. He can’t be in the park. He doesn’t go to the park at this time.

Ans 👉 It is impossible for him to be in the park now.